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Central Heating Review - Undersize Boiler

20 April 2006   

Central Heating Review – Name of Premises Removed

Dear Mr xxxxxx 

I have completed the review of your central heating system and have pleasure in submitting, for your consideration, the following information and comments. 

Background History 

(Name of Premises Removed )is a traditional brick built detached 4 bedroom house. The property was converted into two flats, each with its own independent central heating system and boiler. Upon re-conversion to a single dwelling the central heating pipework was joined together to make one system and the upstairs boiler decommissioned. In effect the system now requires the downstairs boiler to serve all the heating requirements of a large house when it was originally required to serve a substantially smaller system. 

The boiler runs practically continuously and the radiators do not heat up sufficiently. The boiler has also recently suffered intermittent faults such as the pilot light failing. 

The property has poor insulation, there is no double-glazing and the existing windows and doors are draughty. The loft insulation is thin and/or non-existent. 

The trustees of the property have recently decided to fit double-glazing and better loft insulation. I understand they are also considering having the boiler de-scaled and the system power flushed to aid circulation and efficiency. 

Boiler 

The boiler is situated in the kitchen on the ground floor. It is a Potterton Kingfisher make, floor-standing, conventional gas boiler. 

The maximum output is 13 Kilowatts with a required input of 18 Kilowatts giving a maximum efficiency rating of around 72%.

 Radiators/Heat Loss Calculation 

The existing radiators are a mix of styles, mostly fed by 10mm microbore pipework. None heat up to full capacity and the radiator in the bathroom does not work at all. There are no thermostatic radiator valves fitted to the system. 

A heat loss survey was conducted on all rooms using Barlo Rad-Calcs Softwear. The heat loss calculation considers the size and use of the room, the thermal insulation capabilities of the walls, floor, windows and ceiling and the required temperature to calculate the subsequent heat loss and the size of radiator required to service that room. The calculation and temperature requirements were carried out to British Standard/EN 442.

 The results were :- 

Room

KW Req'd

Existing Rads

Under/Over

Lounge

3.29

3.30

100%

Dining/Family Room

5.17

3.00

58%

Hall and Stairs

1.34

0.70

52%

WC/Shower

0.76

0.90

119%

Study

2.31

1.40

61%

Landing

1.08

0.80

74%

Bed 1

1.01

0.80

79%

Bed 2

1.24

1.80

145%

Bed 3

1.52

1.70

112%

Bed 4

1.06

1.30

122%

Bathroom

1.55

0.70

45%

Total KWs

20.33

16.60

 

A second set of calculations was made to compensate for the effect of the planned Double-Glazing and additional Insulation. The results were that the Double-Glazing would decrease the heat loss by 2.3 Kilowatts and the Insulation by 1.4 Kilowatts. 

Boiler Power

The boiler is incapable of serving the heat requirements of the house at present even considering that the total radiator output is below the standard required. 

The existing radiator capacities total 16.6 Kilowatts. Therefore the total output of the existing radiators is in excess of the maximum boiler capacity of 13 Kilowatts; in addition an extra 1.5 Kilowatts are required for hot water. This means the existing boiler is under capacity by 5.1 Kilowatts. 

In other words to serve the existing system the boiler should have an output of over 18 Kilowatts i.e. 39% larger than the existing output. 

The existing boiler is inefficient by modern standards. 

It has an efficiency of 72%. This means that for every £100 of gas used £72 worth is used for heating and the remaining £28 is immediately lost. 

Modern condensing boilers can have efficiency ratings in excess of 96%. If one were fitted to the premises the annual saving on an annual gas bill of £1500 would be £360. The savings made would probably pay for the installation within a few years. 

The existing boiler is running at maximum capacity and understandably suffers from intermittent faults.  

Radiators 

Some of the radiators are too large for their situation and some too small. They are not individually controlled. Generally the over capacity is upstairs  (Beds 2,3 & 4) and the under capacity downstairs (Dining, Hall and Study). 

One option would be to re-size the radiators to suit the heat loss for each room; this would entail either buying and fitting new radiators or moving the existing radiators around, or a combination of both. This would be expensive and without a boiler upgrade would be ineffective because of the extra load being placed on an already overworked boiler. 

A more cost-effective option would be to control the over capacity upstairs by use of Thermostatic Radiator Valves. This option would make sense as the upstairs will benefit the most from the double-glazing and insulation and therefore the upstairs heating requirement would be less. This would provide two advantages, firstly it would make more efficient use of energy and secondly the reduced heating drawn by the upstairs would be diverted to the under-capacity areas downstairs resulting in a more balanced system. 

De-scale of Boiler and Powerflushing 

If a boiler replacement is not considered viable at present due to the expense of the other work planned then a de-scale and powerflush would almost certainly improve the existing boilers efficiency and the current system circulation problems. The water supply is acknowledged as being hard - Thames Water Report a hardness of 20.2 on the Clarke Scale for the property. The boiler and system is likely to be heavily scaled as a result. 

I would recommend that a pre flushing agent be introduced directly to the system 14 days before flushing in order that the agent can circulate at heat to aid the cleaning process. On the day of the Powerflush an acidic flushing and de-scaleing agent can be used to complete the process. Once cleansed a scale and rust inhibitor should be introduced to the system to prevent further problems. 

I am able to offer this service, if required, using the Kamco Hyperjet Power Flush System. Due to the size of the property and the fact that microbore pipework is present extra chemicals will be required which unfortunately increases the cost. However I am still able to keep the cost to less than £300.

Conclusions and Recommendations 

My recommendations are 

In the short term the system should be made more efficient to cope with the overworked boiler situation by fitting Thermostatic Radiator Valves to the bedroom radiators and by de-scaleing the boiler and Power Flushing the radiators and pipework. 

This work should relieve the stress being placed on the boiler which would probably see it through another winter if it is serviced in the autumn but after that serious consideration should be given to replacing the boiler with a modern condensing unit.        

My estimate for this work is enclosed.

Yours sincerely

Martin Ball

 

Update March 2007- The trustees of the property upgraded the insulation and paid for two powerflushes (not by me) and the system still does not perform. It will only be cured by a new boiler of sufficient capacity for the system.